peggy noonan lives in new york and writes a weekly column for the wall street journal. this piece is taken from one of them. in it she reflects on her week and on life in the city. writing less than a year away from the destruction of the world trade center, her thoughts are inevitably affected by that terrible event.

佩吉·诺南住在纽约，每周为《华尔街时报》撰写专栏文章。本文即其中一篇。她在文章中反思了自己的一周以及这个城市的生活。撰写此文时，离世贸中心被毁还不到一周年，她的思考不可避免地带有这一可怕事件的阴影。

the nightmare and the dreams

梦魇与梦想

-- how has sept. 11 affected our national unconscious?

――9·11事件如何影响了国民的潜意识?

peggy noonan

佩吉·诺南

it is hot in new york. it is so hot that once when i had a fever a friend called and asked me how i felt and i said, "you know how dry and hot paper feels when it's been faxed? that's how i feel." and how i felt all day yesterday. it is hot. we feel as if we've been faxed.

纽约真热。天气如此炎热，因此，有一次我发高烧，朋友打电话来问候我感觉如何时，我就说，“你知道发传真时纸张有多干燥多烫手吗?那就是我的感觉。”昨天整整一天我都是这种感觉。太热了。我们觉得自己被传真过似的。

i found myself fully awake at 5 a.m. yesterday and went for a walk on the brooklyn bridge. now more than ever the bridge seems like a great gift to my city. it spans. in the changed landscape of downtown it is our undisturbed beauty, grown ever more stately each year. people seem to love it more now, or at least mention it more or notice it more. so do i. it's always full of tourists but always full of new yorkers, too.

昨天清晨5点我就完全醒了，便去布鲁克林大桥散步。如今这座大桥越发像是赐予我们这个城市的一件贵重礼物。它跨河而立。在业已改变的市区景观中，它依旧是一道美丽的景致，年复一年，越发显得气势非凡。如今，人们似乎更喜欢它，至少是更多地提到它、注意到它。本人也一样。桥上总是挤满游客，也总是挤满纽约居民。

i am struck, as i always am when i'm on it, that i am walking on one of the engineering wonders of the world. and i was struck yesterday that i was looking at one of the greatest views in the history of man's creation, manhattan at sunrise.

我在这座桥上行走时总是深感骄傲，因为自己漫步在世界工程技术一大奇迹之上;今天踏上这座桥，我同样深感骄傲。昨天我深受感动，因为我在观看有人类创造史以来最辉煌的景象之一：曼哈顿日出。

and all of it was free. a billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but i and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. we inherited it. now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. we are lucky.

而且那是分文不花的。亿万富翁要想拥有这座桥，将这一景致占为己有，那得付出亿万钱财，而我以及那些或慢跑、或骑车、或徒步的同行者却能免费享用。我们继承了这座大桥。如今我们所要做的只是以纳税的方式支付维修费用。我辈实属有幸。

as i rounded the entrance to the bridge on the brooklyn side, a small moment added to my happiness. it was dawn, traffic was light, i passed a black van with smoked windows. in the driver's seat with the window down was a black man of 30 or so, a cap low on his brow, wearing thick black sunglasses. i was on the walkway that leads to the bridge; he was less than two feet away; we were the only people there. we made eye contact. "good morning!" he said. "good morning to you," i answered, and for no reason at all we started to laugh, and moved on into the day. nothing significant in it except it may or may not have happened that way 30 or 40 years ago. i'm not sure the full charge of friendliness would have been assumed or answered.

我从布鲁克林一边上桥时，一件小事更增添了我的快乐。天刚亮，车辆稀少，我与一辆车窗熏黑的黑色面包车擦肩而过。窗开着的驾驶座里坐着一个30岁左右的黑人，帽子低低地压在眉檐上，戴着一副厚厚的黑色太阳镜。我走在通往大桥的人行道上，他距我不到两英尺;周围只有我们两个人。我们目光对视。“早上好!”他说。“早上好，”我回答着，两人随即无缘无故地大笑起来，笑罢各人继续各人的生活。这事并没有什么特别的意义，只是30年或40年前是不是会发生这样的事。我不知道那时会不会有这种完全友好的表示，又会不会得到回应。

it made me think of something i saw monday night on tv. they were showing the 1967 movie "guess who's coming to dinner?" with katharine hepburn, sidney poitier and spencer tracy, about a young white woman and a young black man who fall in love, hope to marry and must contend with disapproving parents on both sides. it's held up well, and parts of it seemed moving in a way i didn't remember, and pertinent.

这让我想起星期一晚上看的电视节目。他们播放的是1967年的影片《猜猜谁来赴晚餐》，由凯瑟琳·赫本、辛尼·普瓦提艾和斯潘塞·特雷西主演，讲的是一个白人姑娘与一个黑人小伙子相爱，想要结婚，不得不与持反对态度的双方父母做斗争。影片拍得不错，故事的部分细节似乎很感人，如何感人我记不清楚了，反正很切题。

there was a bit of dialogue that packed a wallop. spencer tracy as the father of the would-be bride is pressing mr. poitier on whether he has considered the sufferings their mixed-race children might have to endure in america. has he thought about this? has his fiancée? "she is optimistic," says mr. poitier. "she thinks every one of them will grow up to become president of the united states. i on the other hand would settle for secretary of state." those words, written 35 years ago may have seemed dreamy then. but in its audience when the movie came out would likely have been a young, film-loving army lieutenant named colin powell who, that year, was preparing for a second tour of duty in vietnam. and now he is secretary of state. this is the land dreams are made of. does that strike you as a corny thing to say and talk about? it is. that's another great thing.

有几段对话让人为之震动。饰演未来新娘父亲的斯潘塞·特雷西质问普瓦提艾先生，他是否想过他们混血的孩子在美国将会承受多少痛苦。他考虑过这点吗?他的未婚妻考虑过这点吗?“她很乐观，”普瓦提艾先生说。“她认为他们每个人都能长大成人当上美国总统。而我则觉得他们能当国务卿也就可以了。”这些写于35年前的话当时听上去或许就像是痴人说梦。但影片上映时，观众中可能就有爱看电影的年轻的陆军中尉科林·鲍威尔，当年他正准备第二次到越南去服役。如今他正担任着国务卿一职。这是个梦想成真的国度。这么说你是否觉得有点老生常谈?这又是一件美妙的事情。

late tuesday, on a subway ride from brooklyn to the north of manhattan, i resaw something i'd noticed and forgotten about. it is that more and more, on the streets and on the train, i see people wearing id tags. we all wear ids now. we didn't use to. they hang from thick cotton string or an aluminum chain; they're worn one at a time or three at a time, but they're there.

星期二晚些时候，在从布鲁克林开往曼哈顿北部的地铁上，我又看到一个我注意过，可后来又忘了的现象。那就是大街上，地铁里，我越来越经常地发现人们挂着表明身份的胸卡。如今人人都佩带胸卡。过去我们是不带的。胸卡吊在粗棉线或铝制链上;有的佩带一张，有的同时佩带三张，反正胸卡处处可见。

i ponder the implications. what does it mean that we wear ids? what are we saying, or do we think we're saying? i mean aside from the obvious.

我思索着这一现象意味着什么。大家随身携带身份证件，这意味着什么?我们是在表明什么?或者说我们自以为是在表明什么?我指的是表象之外的意义。

i imagined yesterday the row of people across from me on the train, looking up all of a sudden from their newspaper and answering one after another:

假设昨天地铁车厢里我对面的那排人一下子放下报纸抬起头来，逐个回答道：

"it means i know who i am," says the man in blue shirt and suspenders.

“这意味着我知道自己是谁，”穿蓝衬衫和吊裤带的那个男子说。

"it means i can get into the building," says the woman in gray.

“这意味着我能进办公楼，”那个灰衣女子说。

"it means i am a solid citizen with a job."

“这表明我是个有职业的体面公民。”

"i am known to others in my workplace."

“在工作场所别人知道我是谁。”

"i'm not just blowing through life, i'm integrated into it. i belong to something. i receive a regular paycheck."

“我不是在混日子，我融入了生活。我有所归属。我有固定的工资。”

"i have had a background check done by security and have been found to be a safe person. have you?"

“安检部门对我的背景来历核查过，认定我为人可靠。你呢?”

i wonder if unemployed people on the train look at the tags around the other peoples' necks and think. soon i hope i'll have one too. i wonder if kids just getting their first job at 17 will ever know that in america we didn't all use to be id'd. used to be only for people who worked in nuclear power plants or great halls of government. otherwise you could be pretty obscure. which isn't a bad way to be.

我不知道车上那些失业的人看着别人头颈里吊着的胸卡，会不会有什么想法。我希望不久我也有张胸卡。我不知道那些刚刚开始工作的17岁的小伙子们会不会知晓，以前在美国，我们并不是人人携带身份证的。过去只有在核电站或政府办公大楼里工作的人才用。在别处，没人会知道你是谁。这可不是件坏事。

a month ago there were news reports of a post-sept. 11 baby boom. everyone was so rocked by news of their mortality that they realized there will never be a perfect time to have kids but we're here now so let's have a family. i believed the baby boom story and waited for the babies.

一个月前，有关于9·11事件之后出现生育高峰的新闻报道。大家为那些关于死亡的报道所震惊，意识到决没有什么生养孩子的时机，现在我们既然活着，就该生儿育女。我相信关于生育高峰报道的真实性，期待着这些孩子的出生。

then came the stories saying: nah, there is no baby boom, it's all anecdotal, there's no statistical evidence to back it up. and i believed that too. but i've been noticing something for weeks now. in my neighborhood there is a baby boom. there are babies all over in brooklyn. it is full of newborns, of pink soft-limbed infants in cotton carriers on daddy's chest. it is full of strollers, not only regular strollers but the kind that carry two children -- double-wides. and triple-wides. i don't care what anyone says, there have got to be data that back up what i'm seeing: that after sept. 11, there was at least a brooklyn baby boom.

后来又有报道说，不对，没有什么生育高峰，那完全是道听途说，并没有统计数据加以证实。我也相信这一报道的真实性。但好几个星期以来我一直关注着一个情况。我家附近出现了生育高峰。布鲁克林到处都是婴儿。处处可见新生婴儿，处处可见粉嘟嘟的、小手小脚软软的婴儿，他们蜷伏在父亲胸前的棉兜里。处处可见婴儿小推车，不仅是普通的小推车，还有那种可放两个婴儿的小推车。甚至还有可放三个婴儿的小推车。别人怎么说我不管，应该有数据证实我目睹的情况：9·11事件之后，至少在布鲁克林出现了生育高峰。

a dream boom, too. the other day i spoke with a friend i hadn't seen since the world changed. he was two blocks away when the towers fell, and he saw everything. we have all seen the extraordinary footage of that day, seen it over and over, but few of us have seen what my friend described: how in the office buildings near the world trade center they stood at the windows and suddenly darkness enveloped them as the towers collapsed and the demonic cloud swept through. did you see those forced to jump? i asked.

夜梦也激增。一天我跟事件发生后一直没见过面的一位朋友交谈。世贸大楼倒下时，他就在两个街区之外，目睹了一切。我们都看过当日那令人震惊的电视镜头，看过一遍又一遍，但很少有人看到过我朋友所描述的情景：在世贸中心近旁的办公大楼里，他们站在窗边，突然黑暗将他们笼罩，那两幢楼倒塌了，可怕的浓烟迅速蔓延。你有没有看到那些被迫往下跳的人?我问。

"yes," he said, and looked away.

“看到，”他说着移开了视线。

have you had bad dreams?

你有没有做噩梦?

"yes," he said, and looked away.

“做的，”他说着，仍看着别处。

i thought about this for a few days. my friend is brilliant and by nature a describer of things felt and seen. but not this time. i spoke to a friend who is a therapist. are your patients getting extraordinary dreams? i asked.

我好几天都想着这事。我的这位朋友才华横溢，天生擅长描述自己的感受与见闻。但这次却例外。我跟一位当治疗专家的朋友交谈。你的病人是不是都做些稀奇古怪的梦?我问。

"always," he laughs.

“总是做那样的梦，”他笑了起来。

sept.11-related?

都跟9·11事件有关?

"yes," he says, "mostly among adolescents. "

“是的，”他说，“主要都是青少年。”

i asked if he was saving them, writing them down. he shook his head no.

我问他有没有把这些梦收集好记下来。他摇了摇头。

so: the sept. 11 dream project. we should begin it. i want to, though i'm not sure why. i think maybe down the road i will try to write about them. maybe not. i am certain, however, that dreams can be an expression of a nation's unconscious, if there can be said to be such a thing, and deserve respect. (carl jung thought so.)

是啊：9·11梦录项目。我们应该着手进行了。本人有意去做，虽说我自己也不太清楚到底为什么。我想，以后也许我会试着把那些梦写下来。也许不会。但我相信，梦可以反映国民的潜意识――如果真有所谓潜意识――而且值得把梦当一回事。(卡尔·荣格持肯定态度。)

to respect is to record. send in your sept. 11 related dream -- recurring, unusual, striking, whatever. i will read them, and appreciate them and possibly weave them into a piece on what sept. 11 has done to our dream lives and to our imaginations, when our imaginations are operating on their own, unfettered, unstopped, spanning.

既然值得当回事就要记录下来。请把你做的与9·11事件有关的梦寄给我――一再重复的，不同寻常的，惊人的，等等。我会阅读你们的来函，会理解，可能的话会将它们编成一篇文章，反映9·11事件对我们的梦幻生活和想象力――即当我们的想象力独立地、无拘无束地、毫无牵绊地持续发挥时――产生了什么影响。

大学英语教案篇2

unit one：is there life on earth?

it is humorous essay. but after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.

ts there life on earth?

the satellite was directed into an area know as manhattan (named after the great venusian astronomer prof. manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago).

because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on earth. a press conference was held at the venus institute of technology.

"we have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing," prof. zog said, "that there is no life on earth."

"how do you know this?" the science reporter of the venus evening star asked.

"for one thing, earth's surface in the area of manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. for another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breather this air and survive."

"what does this mean as far as our flying sauce program is concerned?"

"we shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned."

"are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studier?"

"take a look at this photo. you see this dark black cloud hovering over the surface of earth? we call this the consolidated edison belt. we don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a venus being there."

"over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. this means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer."

"sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?"

"we're not certain. they seem to be metal particles that move along certain paths. they emit gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other. there are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one."

"what are those stalagmite projections sticking up?"

"they're some type of granite formations that give off light at night. prof. glom has named them skyscrapers since they seem to be scraping the skies."

"if all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?"

"yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the grubstart gives us the added funds."

"prof. zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on earth when there is no life there?

"because if we venusians can learn to breathe in an earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere."

new words

humorous

a. funny; that makers people laugh 幽默的

humor

essay

n. 散文，随笔

excitement

n. the state or quality of being excited

planet

n. large body in space that moves round a star esp. round the sun 行星

venusian

a. of or having to do with the plant venus 金星的

n. supposed venus being 金星人

satellite

n. spacecraft that goes round the planet earth and sends back radio and television signals; heavenly body that goes round a plant (人造)卫星

signal

n. 信号;暗号

astronomer

n. person who studies the science of the sun, moon, stars and planets

天文学家

telescope

n. instrument with special glasses used for seeing distant things

extremely

ad. very 极端，非常

extreme

feasibility

ad. possibility of being carried or done 可行性

feasible

manned

a. occupied by one or more persons 载人的

saucer

n. 浅碟;茶托

flying saucer

n. 飞碟

conference

n. meeting

press conference

n. meeting arranged by an important person to which news reporters are invited to listen to a statement or ask questions 记者招待会

technology

n. 技术

conclusion

n. decision of opinion reached by reasoning 结论

conclude

reporter

v. person who gathers news for a newspaper, magazine, or radio or tv station 记者

compose

vt. make up, form 组成，构成

concrete

n. building material made by mixing cement with sand, small stones and water 混凝土

atmosphere

n. all the gasses round the earth; air in a place 大气;空气

carbon

n. 碳

monoxide

n. 一氧化物

deadly

a. causing death; likely to cause death 致命的

gas

n. 气体

survive

vi. remain alive; continue to live or exist 活下来;幸存

vt. remain alive after; live longer than 经历...后还活着;比...活得长

survival

program

n. plan of what it to be done 计划

concern

vt. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，关系到

oxygen

n. 氧，氧气

originally

ad. formerly 起初，原来

original

hazard

n. danger

hover

vi. stay in or near one place in the air 盘旋

consolidated

a. untied; combined 联合的

consolidate

vt.

belt

n. area that has some special quality; zone (地)带

indicate

vt. show

indication

pollute

vt. make (air, water, soil, etc.) dirty with manmade waste 污染

pollution

unfit

a. not good enough; not suitable

particle

n. 粒子;微粒

emit

vt. send out 散发，射出

emission

crash

v. (cause to) break into pieces violently 坠落;猛撞

smash

v. (cause to) break into pieces violently (使)碎裂

stalagmite

n. 石笋

projection

n. sth. that stands out from a surface 凸出物

type

n. a particular kind, class or group 类型，种类

granite

n. hard grey stone used for building 花岗岩

formation

n. sth. that is formed; way in which sth. is formed 形成(物)

skyscraper

n. very tall building 摩天大楼

scrape

vt. rub with sth. rough or sharp 刮，擦

proceed

vi. continue after having stopped (停顿后)继续进行

fund

n. sum of money set apart or available for a special purpose 资金;基金

billion

n. one thousand million

zilch

n. zero; nothing at all

大学英语教案篇3

一、学生分析

三年级这个学期一共有89位同学，其中6个插班生，一个插班生之前没有学过，只在开学前学习了字母，4个插班生学习过英语口语，但是遗忘率比较高，还有一位林锦燕同学，字母书写较好，掌握得也比较好。整体来说，这届三年级对英语学习还是有兴趣的，书写也比较好。主要存在问题在于个别学生不认真听讲，不按时完成作业。所以在教学中，要注意关注这几位同学，以培养英语学习的兴趣、打好英语学习基础为重点，为以后的英语学习做好准备。

二、教学目标（参照学期初教材分析）

1、语音目标

(1)语音准确(发音、重音)，知道错误的发音会影响交际;

(2)语调自然(轻重读、升降调、停顿等);

(3)渗透常见简单的辅音及5个元音字母的发音，了解简单的拼读规则;

2、词汇目标

共有217个单词，其中四会单词有128个，三会单词有64个，二会单词有25个;主要有如下几大类：问候语、身体、文具、颜色、交通工具、形状、数词等。

3、语法目标

(1)知道、理解名词复数和句型。

eg： five apples, ten triangles…

these are / they are/ there are …。

(2)熟悉冠词的表达法：a book, a nose, the sun, an eye…

三、教材重点难点

教材重点：

1、能听、说、读、写英语字母aa--zz。

2、培养良好的书写习惯，能做到书写规范、整洁。

教材难点：能比较熟练地运用所学的日常交际用语。

四、主要措施

1、规范学生的作业，统一要求，规范书写。每天布置听、读至少20分钟，每天的家听本作业默写或者听写字母和单词，结合书法比赛宣传和鼓励学生认真书写。

2、每月一次的词汇竞赛，培养学生记忆单词的能力。

3、培养学生良好的`朗读习惯，要求学生读书时将书本平摊在桌面，读到哪一句就用手指指到哪一句，要求学生跟着磁带或光盘读，要模仿上面的语音和语调，打下良好的语音语调基础。

5、在教学的同时，我还将结合教材中的身体、颜色和交通工具的话题，对学生进行个人卫生、环境保护和交通安全的教育。

五、教学进度安排表

本学期一共19周，用于正常教学的时间比较短，所以计划前两周复习26个字母，从第三周开始每周学习一个unit, 每两个module进行一次单元测验。用两周的时间进行期末总复习。

大学英语教案篇4

text it is humorous essay. but after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it. ts there life on earth?

there was great excitement on the planet of venus this week. for the first time venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant earth, and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. the satellite was directed into an area know as manhattan (named after the great venusian astronomer1 prof. manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago). because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on earth. a press conference was held at the venus institute of technology. "we have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing," prof. zog said, "that there is no life on earth." "how do you know this?" the science reporter of the venus evening star asked. "for one thing, earth's surface in the area of manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. for another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breather this air and survive." "what does this mean as far as our flying sauce program is concerned?" "we shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned." "are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studier?" "take a look at this photo. you see this dark black cloud hovering2 over the surface of earth? we call this the consolidated3 edison belt. we don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a venus being there." "over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. this means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer." "sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?" "we're not certain. they seem to be metal particles that move along certain paths. they emit gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other. there are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one." "what are those stalagmite projections4 sticking up?" "they're some type of granite5 formations that give off light at night. prof. glom has named them skyscrapers6 since they seem to be scraping the skies." "if all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?" "yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the grubstart gives us the added funds." "prof. zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on earth when there is no life there? "because if we venusians can learn to breathe in an earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere."

new words humorous a. funny; that makers7 people laugh 幽默的 humor n. essay n. 散文，随笔 excitement n. the state or quality of being excited planet n. large body in space that moves round a star esp. round the sun 行星 venusian a. of or having to do with the plant venus 金星的 n. supposed venus being 金星人 satellite n. spacecraft that goes round the planet earth and sends back radio and television signals; heavenly body that goes round a plant (人造)卫星 signal n. 信号;暗号 astronomer n. person who studies the science of the sun, moon, stars and planets 天文学家 telescope n. instrument with special glasses used for seeing distant things extremely ad. very 极端，非常 extreme a. feasibility ad. possibility of being carried or done 可行性 feasible a. manned a. occupied by one or more persons 载人的 saucer n. 浅碟;茶托 flying saucer n. 飞碟 conference n. meeting press conference n. meeting arranged by an important person to which news reporters are invited to listen to a statement or ask questions 记者招待会 technology n. 技术 conclusion n. decision of opinion reached by reasoning 结论 conclude v. reporter v. person who gathers news for a newspaper, magazine, or radio or tv station 记者 compose vt. make up, form 组成，构成 concrete n. building material made by mixing cement with sand, small stones and water 混凝土 atmosphere n. all the gasses round the earth; air in a place 大气;空气 carbon n. 碳 monoxide n. 一氧化物 deadly a. causing death; likely to cause death 致命的 gas n. 气体 survive vi. remain alive; continue to live or exist 活下来;幸存 vt. remain alive after; live longer than 经历...后还活着;比...活得长 survival n. program n. plan of what it to be done 计划 concern vt. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，关系到 oxygen n. 氧，氧气 originally ad. formerly8 起初，原来 original a. hazard n. danger hover vi. stay in or near one place in the air 盘旋 consolidated a. untied9; combined 联合的 consolidate vt. belt n. area that has some special quality; zone (地)带 indicate vt. show indication n. pollute vt. make (air, water, soil, etc.) dirty with manmade waste 污染 pollution n. unfit a. not good enough; not suitable particle n. 粒子;微粒 emit vt. send out 散发，射出 emission n. crash v. (cause to) break into pieces violently 坠落;猛撞 smash v. (cause to) break into pieces violently (使)碎裂 stalagmite n. 石笋 projection n. sth. that stands out from a surface 凸出物 type n. a particular kind, class or group 类型，种类 granite n. hard grey stone used for building 花岗岩 formation n. sth. that is formed; way in which sth. is formed 形成(物) skyscraper n. very tall building 摩天大楼 scrape vt. rub with sth. rough or sharp 刮，擦 proceed vi. continue after having stopped (停顿后)继续进行 fund n. sum of money set apart or available for a special purpose 资金;基金 billion n. one thousand million zilch n. zero; nothing at all phrases & expressions (be) known as also publicly called; named 以...闻名，通常名叫 name after give the same name as 以...名字命名 as to about, concerning 关于 base on / upon use as a basis or foundation for 以...为基础，把...基于 for one thing ... (for another) in the first place... (in the second place) be composed of have as members or parts 由...组成 as far as ... be concerned to the degree that it matters to 就...而言 stick up stand upright; project 直立;突出 give off emit; send out 发出;散发出 set back delay the advance of development of 耽搁;阻碍

peoper names art buchwald 阿特.布奇沃德 venus 金星 manhattan 曼哈顿(纽约市中心) zog 佐格(姓氏) edison 爱迪生(姓氏) glom 格洛姆(姓氏)

大学英语教案篇5

unit 2 what’s the matter?教案(新人教版)

unit 2 what’s the matter?

i. teaching article: unit two

ii. teaching aims and demands:

what’s the matter? i have a headache.

you should drink some tea. that sounds a like a good idea.

i have a sore back.

iii. teaching importance and diffculty:

talk about your health. make suggestions.

iv. teaching ways: revision, learning, practice and reading.

v. teaching tools: tape-recorder and lattern.

v. teaching time: six periods

vi. teaching procedure:

the first period

i. teaching aims and demands

1. knowledge objects.

body names. illness. what’s the matter? i have a cold.

2. ability objects.

listening skil, recognizing skill.

3. moral objects.

exercise every day and keep healthy and strong.

ii. teaching importance and difficulty

what’s the matter? --i have a cold.

iii. teaching methods

recognizing method. listening method. discover method. pairwork.

iv. teaching aids

a tape recorder. a doll for teaching the names of the body. a projector.

v. teaching procedures

step i greet the class and check the homework.

step ii section a 1a

bring out a doll. teach the words of body parts.

read the words to students and ask them to repeat.

now open your books and turn to page 7. please look at the picture, i’ll ask a student to read the list of thirteen names of body parts.

step iii 1b

act out an illness. then show the other new words on the blackboard. read the new words to students and ask them to repeat. make sure every student knows the meaning and can read them.

step iv pairwork

teach students more words of illness. for example,

have a cold, have a fever, headache, stomachache, headache toothache, have a sore back , have a sore throat

step v an activity

play the game simon says with students. first have students line up in rows .ask students to touch different parts of their bodies.

step vi an activity

now please turn to page 106. there is a picture of a head with no eyes, nose, mouth or ears. please draw them in the correct paces and say their names in english. then show your pictures. who draws the best?

step vii homework

write down the new words in your exercise book and read them for several times

step viii blackboard design

unit 2 what’s the matter?

tooth ——teeth(pl.) foot ——feet(pl.)

toothache stom-ach-ache

eyes nose mouth ears

大学英语教案篇6

steve shladover outlines the benefits to be gained from vehicles that could drive themselves and discusses how this could be achieved.

斯蒂夫·施多弗阐述了能自动运行的车辆的诸多裨益，并详细论述了如何将其变为现实。

intelligent vehicles

智能车辆

steve shladover

斯蒂夫·施多弗

even when cars were still young, futurists began thinking about vehicles that could drive themselves, without human help. perhaps the best known of these conjectures was the general motors futurama, the hit of the new york world's fair. now, at the start of the new century, it's worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives.

还在汽车问世之初，未来学家就开始设想无需人来操纵便能自动运行的车辆将是什么样儿的。这类设想最出名的或许是年纽约世界博览会上轰动一时的由通用汽车公司推出的“未来城市风光”。今天，在世纪之初，以新的目光去审视这样的设想，去探讨自动化将如何改变交通以及我们的生活质量，是颇具价值的。

consider some of the implications of cars that could drive themselves.

且来看一看能自动运行的汽车意味着什么。

we might eliminate the more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention.

我们或许能消除%以上由于判断失误以及疏忽等人为因素造成的交通事故。

we might reduce antisocial driving behavior such as road rage, thereby significantly reducing the stress of driving.

我们或许能减少野蛮开车这类有害公众利益的开车行为，从而大大减轻行车压力。

the entire population, including the young, the old, and the infirm, might enjoy a higher level of mobility without requiring advanced driving skills.

社会全体成员，包括老老少少与体弱者，也许都不需习得娴熟的驾车技巧就能较为自由地奔驰了。

the luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the wealthiest individuals.

被开车接送也许会成为世人共同的享受，而不仅仅是最富裕阶层的一种奢侈。

fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting.

车流通畅，相互紧随行驶的车辆能利用前车产生的较小的空气阻力，这些都可能减少油耗和污染。

traffic-management decisions might be based on firm knowledge of vehicle responses to instructions, rather than on guesses about the choices that drivers might make.

交通管理将会建立在充分了解车辆对指令的应变能力的基础上，而非基于对车辆驾驶者可能采取的行动的粗略估测。

the capacity of a freeway lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today's level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time.

高速公路的车容量会增加一倍或二倍，使其不必大兴土木就能适应不断增长的行车需求;或者，同样重要地，目前交通拥堵的程度能得到缓解，以使行车者节省时间。

is it feasible?

是否可行?

this is now a realistic prospect. with advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system.

目前这已成为一个可以实现的希望。随着技术的进步，我们不难设想自动化公路系统上的行车过程。

imagine leaving work at the end of the day and needing to drive only as far as the nearest on-ramp to the local automated highway. at the on-ramp, you press a button on your dashboard to select the off-ramp closest to your home and then relax as your car's electronic systems, in cooperation with roadside electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly, safely, and effortlessly toward your destination. en route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rush-hour traffic volumes. at the end of the off-ramp you resume normal control and drive the remaining distance to your home, better rested and less stressed than if you had driven the entire way.

且来设想，工作一天下班后，只需开车至最近的一个自动公路入口匝道。到了入口匝道，在仪表板上按一下按钮选择离家最近的出口匝道，随后就休息放松，由车上的电子系统与路旁的电子装置以及其他车辆上类似的系统合作，把车平稳、安全、顺畅地开往目的地。即使是在车流量的高峰时段，也能一路全速行驶，从而节省时间。下了出口匝道，再照平常那样驾驶，开过余下的路程回家，那要比自己全程驾驶省力轻松许多。

although many different technical developments are necessary to turn this image into reality, none requires exotic technologies, and all can be based on systems and components that are already being actively developed in the international motor vehicle industry. these could be viewed as replacements for the diverse functions that drivers perform every day: observing the road, observing the preceding vehicles, steering, accelerating, braking, and deciding when and where to change course.

要把这一景象变成现实固然需要各种不同的技术发展，但也无需什么匪夷所思的技术，所有的技术都能以国际车辆制造业正在积极开发研制的各种系统和部件作为基础。这些技术可以被看作是车辆驾驶者日常开车所起各种作用的替代：观察路况，留意前行车辆，掌握方向，加速，刹车，变道。

observing the road

观察路况

researchers have developed a road-reference and sensing system that makes it possible to determine accurately a vehicle's position and orientation relative to the lane's center. cheap permanent magnets are buried at four-foot intervals along the lane centerline and detected by magnetometers mounted under the vehicle's bumpers. . these meters provide the information used by the vehicle's control computer to determine its exact position of the vehicle.

研究人员开发了一种路况参考及传感系统，这些能准确判断车辆的方位及所在车道中心的相应定位。价格低廉的永磁体以英尺的间隔埋设在车道中心线上，车辆保险杆下安装着的磁强计能够测知。这些磁强计向车上的计算机控制台提供信息，以断定车辆的确切方位。

other researchers have used computer vision systems to observe the road. () these are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.

其他研究人员利用计算机图像系统观察路况。这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需要将路面标志维护好就行了。

observing preceding vehicles

留意前行车辆

the distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. both technologies have already been implemented in commercially available systems in japan and europe. the laser systems are currently less expensive, but the radar systems are more effective at detecting dirty vehicles and operating in adverse weather conditions. as production volumes increase and unit costs decrease, the radars are likely to find increasing favor.

与前行车辆的车距及接近时的速度可用雷达或激光测距仪测定。这两项技术已经在日本和欧洲投入商业运用。目前激光系统比较便宜，但雷达系统能更加有效地测知野蛮行驶的车辆，能更加安全地在天气恶劣时操作。随着产量的提高，成本的降低，雷达系统将会越来越受欢迎。

steering, accelerating and braking

掌握方向、加速和刹车

the equivalents of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. they receive electronic commands from the onboard control computer and then apply the appropriate steering angle, throttle angle, and brake pressure by means of small electric motors. early versions of these devices are already being introduced into production of vehicles, where they receive their commands directly from the driver's inputs to the steering wheel and pedals. these decisions are being made for reasons largely unrelated to automation. rather they are associated with reduced energy consumption, simplification of vehicle design, enhanced ease of vehicle assembly, improved ability to adjust performance to match driver preferences, and cost savings compared to traditional direct mechanical control devices.

相当于车辆驾驶者肌功能的是安置在自动车辆上的电动机械装置。它们接收车上计算机控制台发出的电子指令，再凭借小型电力发动机恰当地控制方向、油门大小以及刹车紧急程度。车辆生产已经采用这类装置的最初样本，它们通过驾驶者给方向盘和踏板的输入信息直接获得指令。决定开发这类产品大都与自动化无关。与之有关的因素有降低能耗、简化车辆设计、进一步提高车辆装配效率、改善根据车辆驾驶者的喜好调节性能的能力，以及低于传统的机械直控装置的成本等。

deciding when and where to change course

决定何时何处变道

computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside have different functions. roadside computers are better suited for traffic management, setting the target speed for each segment and lane of roadway, and allocating vehicles to different lanes of a multilane automated facility. the aim is to maintain balanced flow among the lanes and to avoid obstacles or incidents that might block a lane. the vehicle's onboard computers are better suited to handling decisions about exactly when and where to change lanes to avoid interference with other vehicles.

车用计算机与路边装置的计算机功能不同。路边设置的计算机更适用于交通管理，如为不同路段和车道设定限速，通过多车道自动化设施为车辆安排不同的车道。其目的是使各车道的车流量保持平衡，避免可能堵塞车道的障碍或事故。车用计算机更适用于精确地判断在什么时间和位置改变车道，以避免与其他车辆碰撞。

remaining challenges

尚存的挑战

there remain a number of difficulties to be overcome. these are mainly technical, but there are in addition a number of nontechnical challenges that need to be addressed. these involve issues of liability, costs, and perceptions.

尚有许多困难有待克服。主要是技术性难题，但此外也有不少非技术性的挑战需要面对，其中包括行车责任、成本以及观念等问题。

automated control of vehicles shifts liability for most crashes from the individual driver (and his or her insurance company) to the designer, developer, and vendor of the vehicle and roadway control systems. provided the system is indeed safer than today's driver-vehicle-highway system, overall liability exposure should be reduced. but its costs will be shifted from automobile insurance premiums to the purchase or lease price of the automated vehicle and toll for use of the automated highway facility.

车辆的自动控制把大多数事故的责任从车辆驾驶者个人(及其保险公司)转移到设计者、研制者以及车辆和道路控制系统的经销商身上。如果这一系统的确比当今的车辆驾驶者—车辆—公路系统安全，总体责任风险就会减少。但其成本会从汽车保险金转移到自动车辆的售价或租金，以及自动公路设施的使用费上来。

all new technologies tend to be costly when they first become available in small quantities, then their costs decline as production volumes increase and the technologies mature. we should expect vehicle automation technologies to follow the same pattern. they may initially be economically viable only for heavy vehicles (transit buses, commercial trucks) and high-end passenger cars. however, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today.

任何新技术在最初小批量供应时都相对昂贵，以后随着产量的增长与技术的完善，成本就会降低。我们相信车辆自动控制技术也将遵循这一模式。从经济角度考虑，这类技术在最初阶段或许只能应用于重型车辆(如公交车、货运卡车)和高级客车。然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。

the largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it's more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is. if political and industrial decision makers perceive automated driving to be too futuristic, they will not pay it the attention it deserves and will not invest their resources toward accelerating its deployment. the perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

电子驾驶应用的障碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。如果政治决策者和企业决策者认为自动驾驶过于超前，他们就不会予以应有的关注，就不会投入资源，促使其早日为人们利用。这样的话，这一观念就可能成为一种终将实现的预言。

it is important to recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying millions of passengers every day. most major airports have automated people movers that transfer passengers among terminal buildings. urban transit lines in paris, london, vancouver, lyon, and lille, among others, are operating with completely automated, driverless vehicles; some have been doing so for more than a decade. modern commercial aircraft operate on autopilot for much of the time, and they also land under automatic control at suitably equipped airports on a regular basis.

重要的是，要看到，每天已有千百万人乘坐自动化车辆。大多数颇具规模的机场都有自动控制的客车把乘客从一个航站楼转到另一个航站楼。不少城市公交线路，如巴黎、伦敦、温哥华、里昂和里尔等，都是由全自动控制的无人驾驶车辆运行的，有些已运行了十多年。现代商用飞机大多时间是由自动驾驶仪操纵的，在装备完善的机场，这些飞机一向在自动控制指挥下着陆。

given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control. that should be a realistic goal for the next decade. the transportation system will thus gain substantial benefits from the revolution in information technology.

考虑到所有这些安全运用自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。这应该是未来十年中的一个现实目标，交通运输系统也就会大大得益于信息技术革命。

大学英语教案篇7

red light（红灯）

1、培养幼儿学习英语的兴趣。

2、培养幼儿对英语词语的理解能力及反应能力。

3、知道几种常见的交通规则。

红绿灯各一个、猴子，小熊的。手偶各一个。

1、师生相互问好。

a：good morning evrybody!

b：good morning miss zheng 。

2、tpr。

long lizard long，lying on a log 。